Portugal Colonial - Western rift over Ukraine and Trump absence mar G20 summit

The Johannesburg gathering was attended by a host of world leaders including French President Emmanuel Macron, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Chinese Premier Li Qiang, Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.

But it was boycotted by the US president, with his government saying South Africa's priorities -- which include boosting global cooperation on trade and climate action -- run counter to US policy.

South African President Cyril Ramaphose, opening the event, implicitly rebuffed Trump's absence by stressing that "multilateralism" was needed to help solve global challenges, including from "escalating geopolitical tensions".

The US president nonetheless loomed large at the first summit of the group of major economies to be held in Africa after he produced a surprise unilateral US plan to end the war in Ukraine largely in line with Russia's goals.

Leaders from Europe, Canada, Japan and Australia were to huddle on the sidelines of the summit on Saturday to "discuss the way ahead on Ukraine", an EU official said.

A European diplomatic source told AFP: "We are working on making the US plan something more able to be applied, based on previous dialogue."

Macron, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz and UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer on Friday, after a call with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, stressed that any such plan needed the "joint support and consensus of European partners and NATO allies".

But Ukraine and its allies have only a few days to try to influence Washington's 28-point proposal.

Trump has warned that "Thursday is, we think, an appropriate time" for Ukraine to accept it.

- Climate impasse -

Another issue dogging the G20 summit was a deadlock at COP30 climate negotiations taking place in Brazil.

Friday was meant to be the last day of those talks, which had gone on for nearly two weeks. But they have spilled into overtime because petro-states were accused of resisting any reference to a fossil fuel phaseout in the final text.

Despite the headwinds, host South Africa stressed that international cooperation was key.

"The G20 underscores the value of the relevance of multilateralism. It recognises that the challenges that we face can only be resolved through cooperation, collaboration and partnership," Ramaphosa said.

He said that a joint G20 summit leaders' declaration, adopted at the start of the summit, "sends an important signal to the world that multilateralism can and does deliver".

The US boycott echoes Trump's decision not to send an official delegation to the COP30, and reflects a general American withdrawal from international forums.

Washington has said it would send its charge d'affaires from its embassy at the end of the Johannesburg meeting only for a handover ceremony, as the United States will host next year's G20 summit at a golf club owned by Trump in Florida.

The G20 is a grouping of 19 countries plus the European Union and the African Union. It represents 85 percent of global GDP and around two-thirds of the world's population.

S.Caetano--PC