Portugal Colonial - Venezuelan mining towns devoid of life after army operation

Notebooks lie open in vacant school classrooms, while a game of pool in a bar appears to have been abandoned mid-match.

But the punters are nowhere to be seen following the launch of an army operation to expel criminal groups from Las Claritas on Monday.

The gold-mining area controlled by Juancho and Joha Petrica -- the latter a co-founder of the notorious Tren de Aragua gang -- is located in Venezuela's resource-rich Orinoco Mining Arc.

AFP journalists saw military vehicles, intelligence service vehicles and armed agents in Las Claritas on Thursday.

Taking place just weeks after Venezuela approved mining legislation that opens the door to private investors, authorities have kept their lips sealed about the operation.

The South American nation has the world's largest proven oil reserves and is also rich in gold, diamonds, bauxite and coltan, mostly located in the mining belt which is largely controlled by criminal gangs.

A dozen people told AFP that they had seen military helicopters dropping three bombs, in an offensive denounced by non-governmental organizations.

Jose Guzman, a 68-year-old artisanal miner, heard a projectile fly overhead on Monday.

"I told people that we were under attack and there was an explosion, and then shortly after, about two seconds later, there were two more," Guzman told AFP.

- 'Reign of terror' -

Many local workers have welcomed the military action, decrying the harsh conduct of the gangs in the firing line.

"You can't imagine the abuse against the population," one artisanal miner said of the army's targets on condition of anonymity.

"It was a reign of terror. You had to pay and pay, over and over again. Those who didn't pay were kicked out -- or worse," he said.

A motorcycle taxi driver who transports mining materials said he had to pay gang members $200 for his work uniform.

"We had to pay one gram of gold ($120) every week," he said, also preferring to keep his identity private.

"I hope they don't come back so we can live with dignity. That's all we're asking for."

- 'Abandoned' -

Mines stretch for miles in the nearby Brisas de Cuyuni area, where dirt roads wind between camps and plastic sheets cover simple wooden homes.

Miners mix mud with powdered detergent, which then flows through a series of chutes covered with materials that absorb the mineral.

They are later "washed" with water and mercury to extract the gold.

The army intervention has upended that way of life, however.

"This place is practically abandoned," said artisanal miner Antonio Figuera, 47, as he swept out an old cafe.

Once bustling with businesses, the place is "practically a ghost town, there's hardly anyone left," he said.

Now motorcycles move constantly to and fro, carrying men, women, children and cargo,emptying the town of all remnants of civilization, even the roofs of the buildings.

"We're staying here because we don't want to be looted," two women in a small restaurant said, as some homes and businesses have already been stripped bare.

Francisco attempts to extract some gold from the ground alongside his wife and daughter, unsure of how else he will pay for transport out of the area.

"I don't have a single dollar. No savings," he told AFP.

"If we go to the city, hunger will kill us," said 53-year-old miner Rafael, echoing the same concerns.

- Waiting -

The government is expected to grant new licenses to multinationals in this area, where three large companies operated in the 2000s before president Hugo Chavez eliminated concessions for Western companies.

Alexis Perez, 52, loiters beside the settlement where he typically spends two weeks straight, working 12-hour days before returning to his family.

His muddy room contains a wooden bed under a mosquito net and a simple handmade table.

The money he makes is enough "to sort of get by."

"A miner's life is hard, it's tough work," he said. "It's dangerous, sometimes the hillsides collapse and bury you."

He says he is "waiting to see what the government says."

"Whether they're going to let us work or if they're finally going to take over this area themselves," he said.

Nogueira--PC