Portugal Colonial - Japan biochemist who discovered statins, Akira Endo, dies

Statins, which can prevent heart attacks or strokes, are among the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide.

Keiji Hasumi, a professor who was a long-time associate of Endo, said the scientist had died on June 5.

"His work was truly great. Statins didn't exist before Endo," Hasumi told AFP. "It has the same value and impact as the discovery of penicillin."

Johns Hopkins Medicine says more than 200 million people take statins. Studies say the global market for them was worth $15 billion in 2023 and is expected to grow.

Endo experimented on thousands of microbes to reach his 1973 discovery of mevastatin -- an agent derived from penicillin that reduces so-called "bad" cholesterol in the blood.

The researcher "was a tough, strict person. He was insightful and perceptive," and "able to see the hidden essence of things", Hasumi said.

Endo was born in 1933 to a farming family in rural northern Japan.

His ambitions began early thanks to his grandfather, who was interested in medicine and became a "great home teacher", Endo said in a 2008 autobiographical essay.

As a student, Endo became interested in antibiotics like penicillin, "deeply impressed" by how many lives they had saved, his essay in the journal Nature Medicine said.

Endo carried out research in New York in the late 1960s, when coronary heart disease was the main cause of US deaths.

"I often saw ambulances coming to take elderly people who had suffered a heart attack to hospital", which "made me realise the importance of developing a cholesterol-lowering drug", he said.

Endo worked at the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, which issued a statement expressing condolences over his death, and at Japanese drugmaker Sankyo, now a part of Daiichi-Sankyo.

He spent two years testing 6,000 strains of microbe in the search for a new drug that could help achieve his goal before finally finding mevastatin.

Conflicting reports on the benefits and potential harms of statins in recent years have prompted some people prescribed the drugs to stop taking them.

"Are statins safe? For most people, the answer is a resounding yes, according to a 2014 Johns Hopkins meta-analysis of 20 years worth of published research," the US university says.

Endo was a strong candidate for a Nobel Prize, but never won. In a report on his death, Japanese broadcaster NHK noted Endo had received other accolades, including being honoured as a Person of Cultural Merit by the government in 2011.

His discovery "was the result of many twists and turns", Hasumi said.

"He reached his goal by overcoming so many challenges, without which medicines cannot be created, I think I remember him saying."

A.S.Diogo--PC